These refineries are located in the usgc and most of them have long term contracts with heavy oil producers such as mexico or venezuela. Heavy oil production involves either mining large tracts of land, which results in surface disturbance, or drilling of numerous injection and recovery wells for in situ production. When this occurs, human health and environmental quality are put at risk. Heavy fuel oil hfo, also known as residual fuel oil, is based on the high viscosity, tarlike mass, which remains after the distillation and subsequent cracking of crude oil in order to produce lighter hydrocarbon products, such as petrol, distillate diesel.
Although talking about oil and its production may sound complicated. Heavy oil and residuum processing swri operates lab, pilot, and demonstrationscale units for heavy oil and residuum processing. The processes involved with heavy oil production often require external water supplies for. The disposition of the heavy oil as such would require transportation of the crude to the refinery in which it would be processed.
Introduction and synopsis find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Production of medium, heavy, and extraheavy crude oil requires significant investment to lift, process, and transport these highly viscous fluids at ambient. Ghg emission factors for high carbon intensity crude oils. Resource estimates for global heavy crude oil based on geology, prevailing economics, and visible technology are updated annually. Historical record, and rate analys is ellbore integrity. Estimated reserves of heavy oil are over 6 trillion barrels, three times that of conventional oil and gas. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods 573 brazilian journal of chemical engineering vol. Heavy crude oil or extra heavy crude oil is highlyviscous oil that cannot easily flow to production wells under normal reservoir conditions it is referred to as heavy because its density or specific gravity is higher than that of light crude oil. Domestic demand for heavy crude oil is expected to increase by approximately 50 percent and reach over 800,000 bpd by 2035. Although the lighter conventional crudes are often waterflooded to enhance recovery, this method is essentially. Oil has been used for lighting purposes for many thousands of years. Heavy oil cannot easily be pumped for a variety of reasons relating to its viscosity, density, and sometimes to its level of contamination with rock and other solid debris. Meta, the sole risk field operator, is currently producing heavy oil from the rubiales field.
Less discussed have been the reserves of heavy crude oil. Also, extraheavy oil and natural bitumen must usually be upgraded by reducing their carbon content or adding hydrogen before they can be used as feedstock for a conventional refinery. The production stream for wcs comes from canadian natural resources, cenovus, suncor energy and. The costs of extra heavy oil developments remain high. In this paper the classifying criteria of pvt properties of heavy oil is based on region. Oil producers involved in heavyoil recovery face special production challenges. After the peak in world conventional oil production rate is passed, perhaps about 5 years from now, light oil production will gradually decline at a rate that will be somewhat tempered, but not. Hse challenge among the many environmental challenges of extraheavy oil.
Section iv analyzes the technology and economics of domestic heavy oil recovery. A 20 spe paper on the project explains that pelican lake is the first successful application of polymer flooding in much higher viscosity oil 1,0002,500cp and as such, it opens a new avenue for the development of heavy oil resources that are not accessible to. The location of the field, coupled with the crude oil properties see table 1, rubiales crude properties, makes export of the fields production difficult. Moving on to the upgrading and refining of the product, the book also includes information on in situ upgrading. The density and viscosity of the oil is the determining factor. Production estimates for heavy crude oil by country and fields with detailed estimates for over 400 marketable crude steams are updated quarterly. This paper is to be presented at the petroleum societys canadian international petroleum conference 2001, calgary, alberta. Top 10 countries with bitumen and extraheavy oil reserves.
In an increasingly technological era, the united states has become more dependent upon oil based products to help us maintain our high standard of living. These solutions are further enhanced when coupled with our proprietary chemwatcher integrated chemical management software in the avocet production operations software. Usgs heavy crude oil, oil sands and bitumen reserves represent over 50% of the total global crude oil and it is hoped that its production will increase from to 18 mmbd between 2015 and 2035. Thus, in the near future, refineries will be obliged to replace light crudes by heavyextraheavy crude oils as feedstock. In addition, because it is more expensive to refine, processors pay producers less for heavy oil than they pay for crude oil producible via conventional recovery. Heavy crude oil reference prices, monthly western canadian select wcs is a heavy crude oil stream which originates from western canada. In order to assist analysts and investors in understanding heavy oil pricing, we provide this quarterly heavy oil pricing update.
Oil and gas production handbook an introduction to oil. In areas where oil is found in shallow reservoirs, seeps of crude oil or gas may naturally develop, and some oil could simply be collected from seepage or tar ponds. Heavy oil production is a developing technology for extracting heavy oil in industrial quantities. But, what is the real problem of this change in a refinery diet. Analysis of cannabis and hemp products for heavy metals. Failure mechanisms, anthony ingraffea, phd, pe cornell university physicians, scientists, and engineers for healthy energy pse renee santoro physicians, scientists, and engineers for healthy energy pse seth b. The extra production, transportation, and upgrading costs explain why development and production of extraheavy oil and bitumen are still limited. It is comprised of existing canadian heavy conventional and bitumen crude oils that are blended with diluents. Abstract asphaltene precipitation is caused by numerous factors such as temperature, pressure and compositional vartiations. Crucial to ramp up the production of heavy oils to offset. Comparing venezuelan and canadian heavy oil and tar sands. A multitude of different methods have been devised that aid in extraction of heavy oil.
Data presented here are based on published and unpublished information available from various federal. Oil and gas production and oil transfer pumping fugitive emissions facility id facility name contact please fill in all spaces and provide supporting data as noted. Conventional crude is projected to account for only 60 percent of liquidfuel supply by 2040, down from 80 percent in 2010, as shown in figure 1b. Enhanced oil recovery eor methods for heavy oil showing primary reservoir. Hydrogen availability that enables flexibility in refinery production is a must for a modern refinery. The future of heavy oil, identifies and examine the most important factors affecting the global heavy oil market to 2035. Of world production, about 78 % of the total comes from heavy oil. Heavy oil and bitumen are characterized by highdensity, highviscosity, and highheavy fraction components. Drilling, completion, acid stimulation, and hydraulic fracturing activities can also result in settling in the nearwellbore.
Section iii discusses the geographic and geologic distribution of heavy inplace oil resources in the contiguous 48 states, the gross reservoir and fluid characteristics of these resources, and previous cumulative production and current reserves of heavy oil. Sharing heavy oil technology jack stevenson, manager, heavy oil focus area, chevron energy technology company heavy oil is a thick fluid that looks like molasses. Recovery some heavy oil production can be accomplished via conventional methods, such as vertical wells, pumps, and pressure maintenance, but these methods are considered highly inefficient. This course contains exercises and class problems to support the presentation. Petroleum refining heavy oil extraction techniques. Overview of heavy oil resources provides an overview of the aspects of the geology, development, and commerciality of heavy oil resources.
Also, extra heavy oil and natural bitumen must usually be upgraded by reducing their carbon content or adding hydrogen before they can be used as feedstock for a conventional refinery. In addition, largescale production of heavy oil resources will require local. Thermal injection is the classical eor method used for heavy oil but it is not always applicable, for instance when reservoirs are deep or too thin. The density of the heavy oil in the shanjiasi field is up to 0. Cost optimization in heavyoil production can be achieved through numerical modeling to suggest general optimal strategies and development plans or by using proper realtime data acquisition for prompt decisions while operations are ongoing. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and.
Oil producers involved in heavy oil recovery face special production challenges. Figure 1 is a scatterplot that shows the variation among individual oil fields in extractiontorefining emissions against the cumulative volume of crude oil production1. While heavy oil is abundant, it also presents significant economic and technological challenges. Cold heavy oil production with sand workshop calgary september 21, 2011 recon chops workshop calgary sept 21, 2011 for more information visit the ots oilfield technical society heavy oil science center lloydminster visit. Pdf crude oil occurs in many different forms throughout the world. Each attendee will be given the facts to develop an overall understanding of heavy oil development.
Both methods have the potential to cause impacts to ground and surface water resources. D0174275523 as the industry uses more unconventional petroleum reserves, refiners must develop new, economical ways to process heavy feedstock and residuum. Overview of heavy oil, seeps, and oil tar sands, california. Amount of original oil inplace in barrels, and cumulative crude oil production through the year given. Spe 127477 manufacturing light oil from heavy crude ratqa. Oil spills endanger public health, imperil drinking water, devastate natural resources, and disrupt the economy.
Geological survey openfile report 20071084, available. Petroleum engineering downstream future technology in heavy oil processing jorge ancheyta, mohan s. Our heavy oil production optimization treatment strategies draw from a wide range of production chemical solutions as utilized throughout each stage of production. Properties of heavy petroleum heavy petroleum exhibits a wide range of physical properties and several relationships can be made between various physical properties as shown in. Geographical distribution of oil and natural gas deposits. However, innovative drilling, completion, stimulation and monitoring techniques help make heavyoil reservoirs pro. A consumptionbased poverty reduction strategy osmel manzano and jose sebastian scrofina abstract the oil sector in venezuela is the largest source of foreign currency, the biggest contributor to the fiscal sector and the leading economic activity.
Therefore, optimization in hydrogen production is in focus of both. The extra production, transportation, and upgrading costs explain why development and production of extra heavy oil and bitumen are still limited. Heavy oil and natural bitumen resources in geological basins of. Device description gaslight liquid1 2light oil heavy oil3 leak rate no. Future technology in heavy oil processing jorge ancheyta, mohan s. Analysis of cannabis and hemp products for heavy metals introduction the cannabis industry has taken the world by storm and has flooded the market with new products. Pdf overview of heavy oil, seeps, and oil tar sands.
Heavy oil recovery in trinidad and tobago raffie hosein and jerome rajnauth the university of the west indies the ministry of energy and energy affairs. Hse challenge among the many environmental challenges of extra heavy oil. Optimization of hydrogen production from heavy oil residues abstract hydrotreatment processes are the most important processes in a modern refinery. Geological survey usgs, heavy oil is a type of crude oil characterized by an asphaltic, dense, viscous nature similar to molasses, and its asphaltene very large. Geographical distribution of oil and natural gas deposits different means of transportation to the consumption centers hilmar rempel federal institute for geosciences and natural resources germany abstracts hydrocarbons oil and gas are at present the most important energy fuels. Pdf water issues associated with heavy oil production. To day steam injection is regarded as a wellestablished oil recovery method, which will become increasingly important in the. Pdf heavyoil and oilsand petroleum systems in alberta and. Net heavy canadian available exports are the result of subtracting domestic demand from heavy including bitumen crude oil production, and is. The dynamic viscosity of this heavy oil reaches hundreds of thousands of millipascalseconds at.
Overview of heavy oil resources training course petroskills. The governments desire to increase oil production has equally been linked, in the short term, to the presidents reelection aspirations. Recently, concerns have arisen around the safety of this largely unregulated market. Heavy oil properties and evaluation are part of a screening process which begins with gathering as much reservoir data as possible not the subject of this text and as much data related to the properties of the heavy oil that are useful in developing a coherent package to compare with the screening criteria for various recovery methods. Heavy oil recovery and upgrading covers properties, factors, methods and all current and upcoming processes, giving engineers, new and experienced, the full spectrum of recovery choices, including sagd, horizontal well technology, and hybrid approaches. Amount of original oilinplace in barrels, and cumulative crude oil production through the year given. The costs of extraheavy oil developments remain high. Factors that affect the difficulty of putting reserves into production include permeability, porosity, depth and pressure. As conventional crude reserves approach their predicted peak production as early as 2030. Although it is an important energy resource, heavy oil requires an unusually high level of effort and expertise to economically develop and produce. Heavy oil production technology challenges and the effect of nano sized metals on the viscosity of heavy oil.
Our production mix is approximately 81% liquids 39% heavy oil, 31% light oil. Improving project economics is the top priority to maximize the value of extraheavy oil crudes. Estimated reserves of heavy oil are over 6 trillion barrels, three times that of conventional oil and gas factors that affect the difficulty of putting reserves into production include permeability, porosity, depth and pressure. Finally, we turn to the current heavy oil projects. Historically, we know of the tales of eternal fires where oil and gas seeps would ignite and burn. Production optimization in heavy oil recovery processes.
1194 73 1688 297 239 1312 1185 643 1167 1062 366 927 1683 1049 1065 75 71 728 897 1151 936 1026 588 605 649 19 833 1145 1415 251 1141